abdellatif-boudia

How to ask for things in English Asking for things in English doesn't need to be stressful. Just remember some key phrases, and you'll be able to deal with most situations smoothly and confidently! (Hello.) Can / Could I have ….. please? (Falling intonation) (Good morning.) Can / Could you give / get me ….. please? (Good evening.) A table for two, please. Interrupting people to ask them for something Excuse me… …. Do you know if…? …. Do you have…? …. Do you accept …. (credit cards)? …. Is this the right way for…. (the Post Office)? …. Could you tell me if …. (there's a Post Office near here)? In more formal situations Excuse me… …. Would you mind …. (keeping an eye on my luggage?) …. I wonder if you could …. (move your suitcase a little.) Responding to questions You ask for something, then the person you have asked needs more information. He or she asks you a question. If you haven't expected this, you can "play for time" – say something to give you time to think. Say something like "Oh", "Ah", "Um", or "Er" to give you a second or two to formulate an answer. Remember, complete silence makes the other person feel uneasy! You: "Two tickets to Glasgow, please." Clerk: "Single or return?" You: "Um, return please. We're coming back tomorrow." (You are at the bureau de change) Clerk: How would you like your money? You: Oh, er, three tens and a five, please. You: "Hello. Can I have a leaflet about London museums, please." Clerk: "Sure. Anything else?" You: "Um, do you have any information about musicals?" Tips When you ask someone for something, or you ask them to do something for you, it is essential to be as polite as possible. Here are some ways that you can be polite. Say hello A "hello" and a smile go a long way! Say "hello" at the beginning of your request. "Hello. (I'd like) a travel card, please." In more formal situations, you can say "Good morning", "Good afternoon" or "Good evening". (Remember, we only say "Good night" if we're saying "Good bye" at the end of the day.) "Good evening. We've booked a table for four." Remember "please" and "thank you" "Please" normally goes at the end of the sentence: "Two tickets please." "Can you give me directions to Oxford Street, please." Say "thank you" after you have received something: "Here's your change." "Thank you." You can use "Yes, please" or "No, thank you" in response to a question: "Would you like salad with your pizza?" "Yes, please" or "No, thank you." Say "excuse me" If you ask someone who is doing something else, remember to say "excuse me": "Excuse me, do yo have this dress in a smaller size?" (In a shop) "Excuse me, do you know where the nearest bank is?" (On the street) Structure of an example conversation 1. Clerk greets you (Good morning.) How can I help you? What can I do for you? 2. You ask for something Hello. I'd like some information about… Can I have…. Three stamps for Europe, please. 3. Clerk asks you a question Single or return? Air-mail or surface mail? 4. You answer Oh, er, single thanks. Um, let me see. Air-mail please. 5. Clerk asks you if you need anything else Will that be all? (Is there) anything else? 6. You answer Ah, actually I'd also like… No, that's it thanks / thank you.

Use SHOULD and SHOULDN’T for advice Here are some examples of using should and shouldn’t to ask for and give advice and suggestions: “I’ve had a really bad headache for the past week.” “That’s not good – you should go to the doctor.” “I want to make more friends, but I don’t know how.” “First of all, you shouldn’t spend so much time on the computer. You should go out and join a club or start playing a sport instead!” “I had a fight with my best friend. What should I do?” “Hmm… I think you should call her and tell her you’re sorry.” Use COULD and COULDN’T for ability in the past Could and couldn’t are the past forms of can and can’t: When I was younger, I could run a mile in 7 minutes. Now it takes me 20 minutes! Yesterday, I couldn’t find my wallet anywhere – but this morning I found it. Last year, he couldn’t speak English very well, but now he can. Use COULD for possibilities in the future Here’s an example of could to talk about future possibilities: “Do you have any ideas for our publicity campaign?” “Yes, I’ve got a few ideas. I could put advertisements on Facebook and Google. We could also give out pamphlets in our neighborhood. Maybe John could even contact local TV stations.” Use COULD to make polite requests Could you please open the window? It’s hot in here. Could you turn the music down? Thanks. Could you make 10 copies of this report, please?

Phrasal verbs, Prepositional verbs with special meaning (A-H) Here we have listed verbs with adverbs and prepositions. These verbs have a special meaning, therefore we have used them in sentences. A agree to I wish she would agree to my proposal. agree with I agree with him on that point. ask after Mr. Smith asked after John. ask in He was asked in. ask over Yes, you can ask your friend over. B back off She was told to back off. be in Are your parents in? be off I'm off now. bear (up) on These facts do not bear on this matter. bear with Please bear with him for a moment while he tries to put this straight. beg off I'm sorry, I have to beg off. black out And then she just blacked out. blame on Don't blame it on her. blow up The bomb might have blown up. (break away, break free, break loose) At last, the hostage could break away from his captors. break down Finally her sister broke down. break off I didn't mean to break off anything. break up Sue and Tim broke up last year. bring along This year has brought along some significant changes. bring down (1) Taxes were never brought down. (2) The president was brought down by this scandal. bring in My job brings in 400 dollars per week. bring up (1) She was brought up in Wisconsin. (2) Why do you have to bring that up? build up He needs to do some exercises to build himself up. burst in with She burst in with the bad news. butt in How can we talk when you keep butting in all the time? C call down The teacher called down all the students who were late. call in He called Kelly in. call off I had to call off the barbecue because of the bad weather. calm down Please calm down. carry on Please carry on with your homework. catch up (on) I need some time to catch up on that incident. check out I will check it out. check up (on) There is no need to check up on me. clean down My hands were covered with mud, and so I cleaned them down. clean off Can you clean off the table, please? clean up Can you clean your room up a little? clear away Please clear your stuff away. close down The shop was closed down by the police. close in (on) She closed in quietly. close up The restaurant was closed up by the health department. come around I knew he would come around in the end. come back Will the good old days ever come back? come by (1) My aunt came by yesterday. (2) I hope he came by this money honestly. come over Why don't you come over next weekend? cool down/off (1) It began to cool off after the thunderstorm. (2) Cool down guys! count (up) on Can we count on you? cut back (on) I have to cut back on the water usage. cut out Cut it out! D decide (up) on I decided on ice tea. die off/out That species died out million years ago. dirty up Don't dirty your pants up! do in He tried to do his father in. do over I probably wouldn't do it over. do up (1) Do up the present quickly. (2) Please do up your buttons. do without I guess I will have to do without lunch today. draw near As the time drew near,... dress down His father dressed him down again. drink up Drink up, and let's going. drive at Well, you must see what I'm driving at. drive on We drove on till night. drop by I hope you guys can drop by our house some time. drop in (on) I can't believe who dropped in on us last night. drop off You can drop me off at the next red light. dry out The clothes finally dried out. E ease off The storm eased off a little. eat up Eat up, and let's get going. edge away The students laughed and edged away from him. end up When will all this end up? enter (into) We need more members to enter our team. even out The surface of the road was evened out. even up Can they even up the score tonight? F face up (to) You have to face up to challenges. fall apart The whole thing falls apart. fall back on I had to fall back on my savings. fall behind (in/on) get behind (in/on) He's falling behind in his car payments. fall through I hope my party next Saturday doesn't fall through. fasten up Please fasten up your jacket. feel for I really feel for you. fight back (at) It's hard for him to fight back. fight down I fought down the anger. figure on I figure on the extra income. figure out I just can't figure her out. fill in (1) I better fill the cracks in with something. (2) Would you fill in the form, please? fill in (for) I will have to fill in for him till he gets back from his vacation. fill out Would you fill out the form, please? fill up (1) The hole filled up with water and had to be pumped. (2) We will fill up at the next gas station. finish off Finish off your cup of coffee, please. finish up I will finish my homework up in a few minutes. fit in(to) It just doesn't fit in. fix up Is my bike fixed up yet? fly in(to) When did you fly in? fool around Stop fooling around. G gather up Let's gather our things up and leave. get across How can I get it across to you get along with He couldn't get along with her mother-in-law. get at What exactly is he getting at? get back When will you get back? get back at He will get back at him someday. get back to I will get back to you in a minute. get by (on) She can't get by on that much money. get down to Now, let's get down to homework. get into He managed to get himself into the class he wanted. get off I have to get off all my packages. get on How are you getting on? get on with (1) I need to get on doing my homework. (2) How do you get on with Sam? get out of You've got to get out of there. get over (1) It took him a long time to get over the heart attack. (2) He couldn't get over the huge rock in the path, so he went around it. get through I tried calling you, but I couldn't get through. get up (1) Today I got up at 10 am. (2) We got up a team on very short notice. give away (to) (1) He gave his car away to his brother. (2) Don't give the answer away. give in (to) Why does she always give in to her brother? give up Are you sure you want to give up your career? glance over My teacher just glanced over my homework today. go after He went after the man who mugged him. go along with I'll go along with you on that decision. go around There's not enough milk to go around. go away Please go away! go back I'll never go back. go in They went in after us. go in for He goes in for playing soccer. go off (1) The bomb went off. (2) My party went off as planned. go off with I guess she went off with her new boyfriend. go out (with) Will she go out with Mike next Friday evening? go through (1) The truck wouldn't go through the tunnel. (2) He went through his pockets, looking for his wallet. (3) How can you go through all the chocolate so fast? (4) You won't believe what I've went through. (5) I guess we need to go through the whole song a few more times. go under (1) I was afraid that our ship would go under. (2) The company went under. go without I just cannot go without some candy from time to time. H hand down (1) The court has not yet handed down a ruling. (2) He will hand this down to his granddaughter. hand out The teacher handed out the test to the surprised students. hang around (with) I usually spend much time hanging around with my friends. hang on (1) Hang on, please. (2) They couldn't hang on much longer. hang up Why did you hang up on me? happen (upon) I just happened upon her. heal up My injury healed up in around no time. hear out Hear me out, will you? I have more to tell. heat up How soon will lunch be heated up? help out Can you help me out? hide away Can you hide this book away where no one will find it? hide out (from) Ben was hiding out from the police. hit back (at) He hit me, but I didn't hit back at him. hit on Tom was hitting on Mike's fiancee. hit (upon) I guess I have hit upon something. hold back (on) They hold back on signing the new deal. hold on Hold on a minute! I have to check this first. hold out I don't know how long they can hold out. hold up Some moron tried to hold me up. hurry on/up Hurry on, will you? I got some errands to run today.

Comparison of adverbs Adverb is a part of speech used to describe or modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, clause or sentence. Adverbs answer the question: how, when, where, why, in what way, how much, how often, under what condition, to what degree. Examples : - Mrs Davidson drives her car carefully. - Nelson easily lifted the barbell. - We’ll use the new system tomorrow. Degrees of comparison for some adverbs are similar to adjectives. Degrees of comparison are used when we compare one person or one thing with another. Similar to adjectives, adverbs also have three degrees of comparison. They are : positive degree, comparativ degree and superlative degree. Adverbs consisting of one syllable from their comparative forms by adding “-er” and their superlative by adding “-est“. Comparative degree shows comparison of two things. Superlative degree shows comparison of more than two things. Examples : - John works harder than Peter. - Isabelle works the hardest of all. Adverbs ending in “-ly” from their comparative degree when combined with “more” and their superlative degree by adding “most”. Some adverbs ending in “-ly” do not use “more” and “most” for their comparative and superlative degrees of comparison. Examples : - Mr. Edward speaks effectively in meetings. - Mr. Anderson speaks even more effectively in meetings. - Mrs. Batna speaks the most effectively in meetings. - Mohamed Amine could have played more skillful than other cricketers. - My brother came the earliest. Degree of comparison for some adverbs are formed in an irregular manner. Examples : - My cousin David writes best of all. - The farmers reaped the best yield of crops in 2012. - Of all the eleven players, Dana is the worse. - I believe that Susy can go the furthest in this competition. Some adverbs do not have degree of comparison such as : now, then, where, when, there, once, already, again, yesterday, today, tomorrow, not, always, …

Abstract, material and concrete nouns Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, thing or a quality. Abstract noun is the name given to a quality, a state or a concept. It refers to things that we can neither touch nor see, though we can think of them. Abstract noun is a type of common noun. We can describe a person using qualities like, brave, strong or wise. We can also think of these qualities like bravery, strength and wisdom independent of any particular person or thing. Examples: - Your sister is a smart girl. - Salma Hayek has a strong personality. - Mother Teresa was known for her kindness towards people. - Honesty is the best policy. - Diamond is known for its hardness. Concrete noun refers to the name of something or someone that we experience through our senses, sight, hearing, smell, touch or taste. It is a type of common noun. Examples: - Tania likes to drink milk. - She touched his arm and felt so good. - He bought a car. - Your computer is so fast. - The cakes are decorated. Material noun is a substance, a material or an ingredient we can see and touch which is used for making things. Material noun can be grouped into the following categories : - Metals : iron, gold, silver, platinum, … - Products measured in bulk : tea, sugar, rice, wheat, … - Geological bodies : mud, sand, rock, granite, … - Natural phenomena : Rain, dew, cloud, mist, … - Items manufactured : rubber, soap, paint, clothes, … Examples: - This window is made of glass. - The rain makes me feel a little bit calm. - This cupboard is made of iron. - My mother made some delicious honey candies. - I love silver rings even more than gold rings.

Adverbs of place >> They tell us the place where something happens. They answer the question "Where?" >> Adverbs of place mainly modify verbs. ~ Please sit HERE. ~ They looked for the lost wallet EVERYWHERE. ~ Two cars were parked OUTSIDE. >> Common adverbs of place: ~ about, above, anywhere, away, back, backwards/backward, behind, below, down, downstairs, east, elsewhere, far, here, in, indoors, inside, near, nearby, off, on, out, outside, over, there, towards, under up, upstairs, where. >> Common suffixes. (-wards/-ward) & -where ~ backwards, downwards, eastward, forwards, upwards, anywhere, everywhere, somewhere, nowhere. >> Some adverbs can also be prepositions. ~ She was waiting with a red scarf ON. «adverb» ~ She put the red scarf on the table. «preposition»

Adverbs of Manner >> They tell us the manner or way in which something happens. They answer the question "How?" >> Adverbs of manners mainly modify verbs. ~ He speaks slowly . ~ They helped us cheerfully . ~ James Bond drives his cars fast . >> We normally use adverbs of manners with dynamic (action) verbs not with stative (state) verbs. ~ He came QUICKLY. (correct) ~ He worked HAPPILY. (correct) ~ It seems strangely. (wrong) ~ She looked beautifully. (wrong)

Antonyms An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. For example "bad" is an antonym of "good". Antonym Examples: Achieve – Fail Idle – Active Afraid – Confident Ancient – Modern Arrive – Depart Arrogant – Humble Ascend – Descend Attack – Defend Blunt – Sharp Brave – Cowardly Cautious – Careless Complex – Simple Compliment – Insult Crazy – Sane Crooked – Straight Decrease – Increase Demand – Supply Destroy – Create Divide – Unite Drunk – Sober Expand – Contract Freeze - Boil Full – Empty Generous – Stingy Giant – Dwarf Gloomy – Cheerful Guilty – Innocent Hire – Fire Include – Exclude Individual – Group Innocent – Guilty Knowledge – Ignorance Liquid – Solid Lonely – Crowded Major – Minor Marvelous – Terrible Mature – Immature Maximum - Minimum Noisy – Quiet Optimist - Pessimist Ordinary – Extraordinary Partial – Complete Passive – Active Permanent – Unstable Plentiful – Sparse Positive – Negative Powerful – Weak Praise – Criticism Private – Public Problem – Solution Professional – Amateur Profit – Loss Quality – Inferiority Random – Specific Rigid – Flexible Segregate – Integrate Shame – Honor Simple - Complicated Single – Married Stiff – Flexible Strength – Weakness Sturdy – Weak Sunny - Cloudy Superb – Inferior Temporary – Permanent Timid – Bold Toward – Away Tragic – Comic Transparent - Opaque Triumph – Defeat Union – Separation Unique – Common Upset – Stabilize Urge – Deter Vacant – Occupied Vague – Definite Vertical – Horizontal Villain – Hero Visible - Invisible Wax - Wane Wealth – Poverty.

Grammar Terminology Active Voice: The verb form that indicates that the subject of the sentence is doing the action expressed by the verb. Ø Linda cooked the meal. Adjective: A word that describes or modifies the meaning of a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase. Ø Little boys. / Hot water. / A big car… Adverb: A word that qualifies or describes the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. it can tell how, where, when, how often, or to what degree. Ø Softly, now, here, frequently, rapidly, slowly,…. Articles: limiting adjectives; The is definite; a and an are indefinite. Ø The teacher (specific and definite) Ø A teacher (anyone). Auxiliary Verb: A verb that accompanies the main verb of a clause or a sentence and helps express its tense, mood, or voice. Ø I am hungry Ø Sara could not help you. Collective nouns: The name of a collection, group, or set of persons, places, things, etc. Ø Team, jury, audience, United States… Colon: A mark ( that indicates that something, often a list, is to follow. Ø The new Fords are available in the following colors : red, green, blue, etc. Comma: A mark(,) that indicates a short pause and a separation of ideas or elements in a phrase, clause, or sentence. Ø Yes, Jane, you’ll need food, clothing, and money. Comparative: Describing the degree of comparison of adjectives or adverbs that relates two items. Ø She spoke louder and more distinctly than her brother did. Complement: A word or a phrase that completes the meaning of the verb in a clause or sentence. The construction of the predicate can be completed by the complement. Ø She is a manager. Ø This winter will be long and cold. Ø He asked if he could miss practice today. Complex sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Ø When the snow melts, we will plant crops. Ø We’ll plant crops when the snow melts. Compound: Referring to two equal elements that have been joined in a sentence. Ø Compound subject: Harry and Al own a restaurant. Ø Compound verb: they live and work here. Ø Compound adjective: gig red two-door car Ø Compound sentence: she is an optometrist and he is an optician. Conjugation: A systematically arranged listing of all the forms of a verb corresponding to tense, voice, mood, number, person, and gender. Conjunction: A word that connects or joins two or more words or ideas, showing the relationship between them. Ø Hassan and Zouhair are old, but they are lively and young in heart. Conjunctive adverb: A word that modifies the clause that it introduces and that joins two independent clauses. It functions as both adverb and a conjunction. Ø Nadia didn’t finish her botany course; instead, she took a job and moved to Los Angeles. Consonant: Any of the 26 letters of the alphabet except a, e, I, o, and u. they function as subordinates to the vowels. Coordinate conjunction: A conjunction that connects two equal and identically constructed parts. Ø And, but, for, or, nor, yet. Correlative conjunction: A conjunction that connects items of equal rank and similar form that are used in pairs. It shows their reciprocal or complementary relationship. Ø Neither Hassan nor Zouhair is here. Ø Not only Hassan but also Zouhair is here. Countable nouns: Nouns that can be totaled, numbered, or counted. These nouns accept a plural form. Ø A book ten books Dependent clause: A clause that can not stand alone as a sentence; it depends on the independent clause, it expresses an incomplete thought. Dependent clauses are introduced by words such as that, who, since, although, because, etc. Direct object: The word or phrase that directly receives the action of the verb and that answers the question what? Who? Ø The dog bit the man. (Bit what?) Fragment: A word or a group of words that is not a complete sentence. A sentence fragment is usually a word, phrase, or clause that’s incorrectly used or placed, thus causing confusion. In the sentence below, crying is a fragment since the reader does not know whether it describes SHE or FLUFFY. Ø Crying, she held her kitten, fluffy Gender: The classification of words according to the divisions of sex: masculine, feminine, and neutral. Hyphen: A mark (-) that connects two parts of a word. Ø De-escalate ninety-two Imperative: The mood of a verb that expresses a command or request. The subject of an imperative mood sentence is often you, understood but not written. Ø Stop where you are. Wake up. Independent clause: A clause that can stand alone, independently, as a sentence; it expresses a complete thought. Indicative: The mood of a verb that indicates that the action or condition expressed by the verb is fact. Ø I’m here. John drives fast Indirect object: The word or phrase that indirectly receives the action of the verb and that answers the question to whom. Ø I paid her the money. (paid to whom?) Infinitive: A verbal; a form of a verb using to. The infinitive is most often used as a noun, but it can serve as an adjective or adverb as well. Ø To dance was her dream. Ø I stayed after school to help. Ø They needed permission to continue. Interjection: An expression of strong ,sudden emotion or feeling; an exclamation. Ø Wow! Woops! Linking verbs: A verb that connects a subject with a predicate adjective or predicate nominative. the most common linking verb is be; other examples include appear, seem, look. Ø I feel good. They are runners. Mood: A form used to express a verb’s factuality or the likelihood of the action or condition. the three moods are imperative, indicative, and subjunctive. Negative: Describing a word, phrase, or sentence that denies, contradicts, or negates. the opposite of affirmative. Ø No, I won’t go. She’s not here. Ø She doesn’t/didn’t like the show. Nominative: The case of a noun or pronoun that is used as a subject or predicate nominative. This case is called subjective. Noncountable nouns: Nouns that are abstract in quality or quantity; that is; that cannot be totaled, numbered, or counted. They don’t accept a plural form. Ø Coffee, love, intelligence,… Noun: The name of a person, place, thing, idea, quality, activity, and etc.. nouns are used as subjects, objects of verbs, objects of prepositions, or appositives. Ø Man, city, screwdriver, democracy Noun phrase: A group of words that functions as a noun. Ø The new clinic is trying to provide a viable health care delivery system. Object: The word or phrase that identifies the person, place, thing, etc, affected by the predicate in a clause, or that follows and is governed by a preposition. Ø The man in uniform took our tickets. Objective: The case of a noun or pronoun that is used as the object of a verb or preposition. Ø The woman in the grey suit sold me This. Participle: A verbal; a form of a verb used as an adjective. Ø The spoken word a singing parrot Passive voice: The verb form that indicates that the subject of the sentence is receiving the action or effect that is expressed by the verb. Ø The water was boiled. Ø The door knob is broken. Past participle: The principal part of a verb that indicates past or completed action or effect. With an auxiliary, the past participle forms the perfect tenses; alone, it functions as an adjective. Ø The book, written, has become a best seller. Period: A mark (.) That indicates a completed thought, such as at the end of a sentence or after an abbreviation. Periods used with numbers are called decimals. Ø Dr. A.M. 3.142 Person: The form of pronouns that distinguishes among the speaker (I, WE), the person or item spoken to (you), and the person or item spoken about (HE, SHE, IT, THEY). These three divisions are called 1st, 2nd,and 3rd person, respectively. Phrase: A group of related words without a subject or predicate. Phrases must be used in sentences, attached to other words; they cannot stand alone. Ø Telling a story , at 5 o’clock, Around the corner. Positive: Describing the degree of adjectives and adverbs in which they are simple and not compared. Also occasionally, a synonym for affirmative, when speaking of answers, responses, and sentences. Possessive: The case of a noun or pronoun that indicates ownership or possession. Apostrophes are added to nouns and indefinite pronouns to show possessive case. Ø Zineb’s dolly - my weapon Predicate: The word or phrase that expresses the action or being of a subject, or that tells what a subject does. Predicates tell something about subjects. The predicate consists of a verb and any of its auxiliaries or modifiers. Many people use the word synonymously with verb. Predicate nominative: the completion of the thought of a linking verb through identification of the subject. Ø He is a spy. Those are sheep. Vowel: In English 5 letters are considered as vowels (a-e-I-o-u) and two as semivowels (w-y). Preposition: A word that links a pronoun, noun, or noun phrase with the rest of the sentence, usually describing time, place, or relationship. Ø Of, through, in, with, on, under ,in ,on, at. Present participle: the principle part of a verb that is usually called the progressive form. It indicates continuous or present action. With an auxiliary, it forms the progressive tenses; alone, it functions as an adjective. Ø Smiling, he opened the door. Ø The parking lot is over there. Pronoun: A word used in the place of a noun or noun phrase, usually to avoid repetition. pronouns designate nouns without naming them. Ø Hassan’s relatives thought they had more time. Proper noun: The actual name of a person, place, etc. Proper nouns always capitalized. Ø Paul Adams - Mississippi River Question mark: A mark (?) That indicates an inquiry, interrogation, or direct question. It’s placed At the end of a question. Ø Where are we? Quotation marks: Marks (“ ”) that indicate the beginning and the end of someone else’s exact spoken or written words. Ø She said: “ you will have to go” Reflexive: Referring to verbs whose objects directly and identically reflect their subjects. Ø The child fed her self. Ø The player injured himself. Relative pronoun: A pronoun that introduces a dependent clause and that refers to some antecedent. Ø Stan Lee is the cartoonist whom I mentioned. Semicolon: A mark ( that indicates a longer pause than a comma but a shorter pause than a period. semicolons are used between independent clauses that are not joined by coordinate conjunctions and between independent clauses that are joined by conjunctive adverbs. Ø Linda lives in Bosnia; her mother lives in morocco. Ø We met again today; however, we reached no agreement. Sentence: A group of related words with a subject and predicate that expresses a complete thought .it begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation point

A Kind Of, Kind Of, Kind To A Kind Of We use a kind of + noun when we talk about a think that resembles another thing. - A smartphone is a kind of computer - This book is a kind of dictionary - A banjo is a kind of guitar Kind Of We use kind of + adjective to mean a vague amount of. - I think the prices in that store are kind of high, don’t you? - The cupcakes here are kind of small - I was kind of worried about her when she didn’t call me Kind To We use kind to when we want to show the object of someone’s kindness. - I’m always kind to animals - My students are very kind to me - Young children should be taught to be kind to their friends

Types of Verbs: Before you begin the verb tense lessons, it is extremely important to understand that NOT all English verbs are the same. English verbs are divided into three groups: Normal Verbs, Non-Continuous Verbs, and Mixed Verbs. Group I: Normal Verbs: Most verbs are "Normal Verbs." These verbs are usually physical actions which you can see somebody doing. These verbs can be used in all tenses. Normal Verbs: to run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say, to touch, etc. Examples: • I eat dinner every day. • I am eating dinner now. Group II: Non-Continuous Verbs: The second group, called "Non-Continuous Verbs," is smaller. These verbs are usually things you cannot see somebody doing. These verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses. They include: - Abstract Verbs: to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe, to exist... - Possession Verbs: to possess, to own, to belong... - Emotion Verbs: to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind... Examples: • He is needing help now. Not Correct • He needs help now. Correct • He is wanting a drink now. Not Correct • He wants a drink now. Correct Group III: Mixed Verbs: The third group, called "Mixed Verbs," is the smallest group. These verbs have more than one meaning. In a way, each meaning is a unique verb. Some meanings behave like "Non-Continuous Verbs," while other meanings behave like "Normal Verbs" Mixed Verbs: to appear, to feel, to have, to hear, to look, to see, to weigh... List of Mixed Verbs with Examples and Definitions: to appear: • Donna appears confused. Non-Continuous Verb DONNA SEEMS CONFUSED. • My favorite singer is appearing at the jazz club tonight. Normal Verb MY FAVORITE SINGER IS GIVING A PERFORMANCE AT THE JAZZ CLUB TONIGHT. to have: • I have a dollar now. Non-Continuous Verb I POSSESS A DOLLAR. • I am having fun now. Normal Verb I AM EXPERIENCING FUN NOW. to hear: • She hears the music. Non-Continuous Verb SHE HEARS THE MUSIC WITH HER EARS. • She is hearing voices. Normal Verb SHE HEARS SOMETHING OTHERS CANNOT HEAR. SHE IS HEARING VOICES IN HER MIND. to look: • Nancy looks tired. Non-Continuous Verb SHE SEEMS TIRED. • Farah is looking at the pictures. Normal Verb SHE IS LOOKING WITH HER EYES. to miss: • John misses Sally. Non-Continuous Verb HE IS SAD BECAUSE SHE IS NOT THERE. • Debbie is missing her favorite TV program. Normal Verb SHE IS NOT THERE TO SEE HER FAVORITE PROGRAM. to see: • I see her. Non-Continuous Verb I SEE HER WITH MY EYES. • I am seeing the doctor. Normal Verb I AM VISITING OR CONSULTING WITH A DOCTOR. (ALSO USED WITH DENTIST AND LAWYER.) • I am seeing her. Normal Verb I AM HAVING A RELATIONSHIP WITH HER. • He is seeing ghosts at night. Normal Verb HE SEES SOMETHING OTHERS CANNOT SEE. FOR EXAMPLE GHOSTS, AURA, A VISION OF THE FUTURE, ETC. to smell: • The coffee smells good. Non-Continuous Verb THE COFFEE HAS A GOOD SMELL. • I am smelling the flowers. Normal Verb I AM SNIFFING THE FLOWERS TO SEE WHAT THEIR SMELL IS LIKE. to taste: • The coffee tastes good. Non-Continuous Verb THE COFFEE HAS A GOOD TASTE. • I am tasting the cake. Normal Verb I AM TRYING THE CAKE TO SEE WHAT IT TASTES LIKE. to think: • He thinks the test is easy. Non-Continuous Verb HE CONSIDERS THE TEST TO BE EASY. • She is thinking about the question. Normal Verb SHE IS PONDERING THE QUESTION, GOING OVER IT IN HER MIND. to weigh: • The table weighs a lot. Non-Continuous Verb THE TABLE IS HEAVY. • She is weighing herself. Normal Verb SHE IS DETERMINING HER WEIGHT. Some Verbs Can Be Especially Confusing: to be: • Joe is American. Non-Continuous Verb JOE IS AN AMERICAN CITIZEN. • Joe is being very American. Normal Verb JOE IS BEHAVING LIKE A STEREOTYPICAL AMERICAN. • Joe is being very rude. Normal Verb JOE IS BEHAVING VERY RUDELY. USUALLY HE IS NOT RUDE. • Joe is being very formal. Normal Verb JOE IS BEHAVING VERY FORMALLY. USUALLY HE IS NOT FORMAL. NOTICE: Only rarely is "to be" used in a continuous form. This is most commonly done when a person is temporarily behaving badly or stereotypically. It can also be used when someone's behavior is noticeably different. to feel: • The massage feels great. Non-Continuous Verb THE MASSAGE HAS A PLEASING FEELING. • I don't feel well today. Sometimes used as Non-Continuous Verb I AM A LITTLE SICK. I am not feeling well today. Sometimes used as Normal Verb I AM A LITTLE SICK. NOTICE: The second meaning of "feel" is very flexible and there is no real difference in meaning between "I don't feel well today" and "I am not feeling well today."

http://wordweb.info/free/

Linking Words: * Though despite the fact that The baby isn't sleeping, even though it's late. * If in the event or on the condition that something happens We'll go for a walk if the weather is nice. * As if as it would be if He treats her as if she were a princess. * So with the result that He didn't want to go to the party, so we went without him. in order that I stayed there so I could see them. * Both ... And to emphasize that each of two things is true Both Carmen and her husband speak French. * When at what time, the time at which, and then...etc My aunt was only sixteen when she got married. * After following or subsequent to the time specified I saw him after I returned home. * Or to connect different possibilities It is four or five o'clock now. * As long as during the time that I'll stay here as long as she gets better. on condition that You can go out with your friends in the evenings as long as you get good marks at school. * While at the same time that I was reading a book while Kate and Rick were playing football in the garden.

Bored to death "I have nothing to do. I'm bored to death." "I hate it when I'm bored to death." "Would you rather be super busy or bored to death?" A: "Hey Seth, what are you doing?" B: "I'm reading a book. What are you doing?" A: "I'm bored to death. Let's do something." B: "Sure. Come over and we can play some games." Other Common Sentences "I'm so bored, I could die." "I'm dying of boredom."

I'm in/at/on Describes an action you are doing. Most commonly, you would use the word 'in' when entering a physical location such as a room or a building. Here are some examples: "I'm in the shower." "I'm in the lobby." "I'm in a car." "I'm in a house." "I'm in a school." Using the word 'at' helps tell someone where you currently are. The difference between 'at' and 'in' is that the physical location is general. Here are some examples: "I'm at the grocery." "I'm at the mall." "I'm at the doctor's office." "I'm at the park." "I'm at the airport." However, in some cases you can use 'at' and 'in' interchangeably. Here are some examples: "I'm at the mall." "I'm in the mall." "I'm at the park." "I'm in the park." "I'm at the grocery." "I'm in the grocery." Using the word 'on' is referring to a non physical location such as your time being utilized by something else. Here are some examples: "I'm on the phone." "I'm on my computer." "I'm on a bus."