{"id":9779,"date":"2020-12-16T19:55:37","date_gmt":"2020-12-16T19:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/?p=9779"},"modified":"2023-03-27T12:02:23","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T12:02:23","slug":"included-but-not-limited-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/included-but-not-limited-to\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Including but not limited to&#8221; \u2014 Comma Rules &#038; Usage"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>img#mv-trellis-img-1::before{padding-top:150%; }img#mv-trellis-img-1{display:block;}<\/style><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human thought is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-after-sometimes\/\"><b>sometimes<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> represented by expressions that are obscure and vague.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The attempt to use precise and accurate language in texts, especially in technical documents, may reinforce some counterproductive effects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One way to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/commas-in-adresses\/\"><b>address<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the uncertainty in the written language is by adding non-lexical symbols, such as commas, to assist in the disambiguation process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post presents comma-related guidelines as regards the fairly technical expression &ldquo;including but not limited to.&rdquo;<\/span><br>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>How to punctuate the phrase &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo;?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-rules\/\" title=\"Comma placement\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">Comma placement<\/a> is recommended before &ldquo;but&rdquo; and after &ldquo;to&rdquo; in most cases. The comma encapsulation around &ldquo;but not limited to&rdquo; generally marks its parenthetical function in sentences.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In other similar, lengthy expressions, though, such as &ldquo;included but not limited to,&rdquo; &ldquo;including without limitation to,&rdquo; and &ldquo;including without limiting the generality of the foregoing,&rdquo; the comma enclosure would be more beneficial.<\/p>\n<p>And, although the idea of all-inclusivity can be phrased in several ways, the most common expression used in texts is &ldquo;including but not limited to.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Punctuating &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; with commas in more detail<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The expression &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/common-comma-mistakes\/\"><b>commonly<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> observed either in legal documents <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-or\/\"><b>or<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> academic papers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is generally used as a safety measure to prevent the audience from having a list-exclusive adjudication towards any statement involved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the chances of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-either\/\"><b>either<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> intentional or accidental misinterpretation are relatively high, commas are added to facilitate text clarification.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let&rsquo;s take a closer look to find out how to use and punctuate &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; appropriately.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Comma with &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; in legal English<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the world of unnecessarily complicated <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.udel.edu\/eli\/allei\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>legal language,<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> legal drafters are trained to construct sentences and use terminologies that aim to represent precise and logical statements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To do so, drafters <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-after-often-the-definitive-guide\/\"><b>often<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> resort to using verbose and complicated language, as opposed to chiefly relying on the implicated meaning of words.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&ldquo;Including but not limited to&rdquo; is an example of legalese, the complex and technical form of legal language, whose sole purpose is to present linguistic accuracy in legal writing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, it is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-meanwhile\/\"><b>meanwhile<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> used to prevent &ldquo;ejusdem generis&rdquo; which is the loose way of listing legal commands and provisions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Latin phrase <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ejusdem generis <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">roughly translates to &ldquo;of the same kind&rdquo; which is used as a guideline in preventing inclusive and list-specific interpretation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Put more simply, this means that the purpose of using &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; is to gain linguistic security, besides accuracy, in written statutes.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">\n<p>ABC Company&rsquo;s employment conditions are clearly stated in the contract including, but not limited to, a six-month probationary period and a performance evaluation prior to regularization.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The sentence above suggests that the company holds several working conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The additional clause &ldquo;but not limited to&rdquo; in the example emphasizes that other conditions further exist apart from the ones stated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The probationary period and performance assessment are only two of the most crucial &ldquo;parts&rdquo; of the conditions that should be completed before an employee gains job permanency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This type of idea insertion is linguistically referred to as a parenthetical statement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, the clause is offset <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-with\/\"><b>with<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> two commas especially to mark its grammatical dispensability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parenthetical expressions may <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-not\/\"><b>not<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> necessarily follow the syntactical flow of the main sentence <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-since\/\"><b>since<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> they function as peripheral auxiliary devices only.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ergo, the removal of the parenthesis does not affect the well-formedness of the remaining sentence constituents.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">ABC Company&rsquo;s employment conditions are clearly stated in the contract including a six-month probationary period and a performance evaluation prior to regularization.<\/div><\/div>\n<p><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9812\" src=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_.jpg\" alt=\"Punctuation of the Phrase _including but not limited to_\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_.jpg 320w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-735x1103.jpg 735w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-223x335.jpg 223w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-231x347.jpg 231w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-347x520.jpg 347w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-427x640.jpg 427w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-512x768.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-pin-media=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_.jpg\"><\/noscript><img loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9812 eager-load\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201000%201500'%3E%3Crect%20width='1000'%20height='1500'%20style='fill:%23e3e3e3'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" alt=\"Punctuation of the Phrase _including but not limited to_\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1500\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-pin-media=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_.jpg\" id=\"mv-trellis-img-1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_.jpg 320w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-735x1103.jpg 735w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-223x335.jpg 223w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-231x347.jpg 231w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-347x520.jpg 347w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-427x640.jpg 427w, https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Punctuation-of-the-Phrase-_including-but-not-limited-to_-512x768.jpg 512w\" data-svg=\"1\" data-trellis-processed=\"1\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Comma with &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; in academic papers<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other than the usage of &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; as legalese or lawyer-speak, this may <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-also-the-definitive-guide\/\"><b>also<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> be observed in academic papers and other scholarly articles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The same all-inclusivity principle is held when utilizing the expression in writing the content of research papers.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">The researchers found that most common symptoms including, but not limited to, dry cough, fever, and lethargy are preventable.<\/div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&ldquo;But not limited to,&rdquo; again, is considered as an additional idea in the example which could be used to argue that other symptoms may also be experienced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We can also deduce that the symptoms are particularly selected to be part of the list because they are the most prevalent and observable ones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&ldquo;Including,&rdquo; is a substitute word for &ldquo;such as&rdquo; which is used to introduce a list of sample entities for clearer idea representation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whereas, &ldquo;but not limited to&rdquo; increases the emphasis and function of the word &ldquo;including&rdquo; which then leads to easier comprehensibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, it can also be removed without lacerating the grammaticality of the rest of the sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">The researchers found that most common symptoms including dry cough, fever, and lethargy are preventable.<\/div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Other related expressions that mean &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo;<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common way to phrase the statement in discussion is by saying &ldquo;including but not limited too.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, other variations may also be observed in expressing the idea of &ldquo;all-inclusivity.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These expressions are listed in the following subsections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Included but not limited to<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having a similar implication with the earlier expression, &ldquo;included but not limited to&rdquo; may also be used in the sentence construction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The only difference that should be noted is particularly on the word &ldquo;included.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This time, it needs to serve as the main verb in the sentence rather than a preposition followed by a noun phrase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the main verb, its inflection is in the simple past tense denoting a vague temporal meaning anytime before the relative present.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">It was found that the major objects of intense interest or addiction included, but not limited to, drugs, activities, or alcoholic beverages.<\/div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The sentence above states that the most common objects of human addiction could be a kind of drug, activity, or alcoholic beverage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the list only includes a few representative samples from all possible entities that could become objects of addiction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To shorten the information intended, the parenthetical expression &ldquo;but not limited to&rdquo; is added, as well as to draw emphasis on this implication.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The simplest workaround to determining whether any expression ought to be encapsulated with commas is to try removing it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the sentence still makes sense, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-then\/\"><b>then<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the expression could be considered as an additional parenthetical element and hence removable.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">It was found that the major objects of intense interest or addiction included drugs, activities, or alcoholic beverages.<\/div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another way to punctuate the sentence above is by using a colon in introducing the serial list of items, with a slight adjustment to the necessary words.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">It was found that the major objects of intense interest or addiction included, but not limited to the following: drugs, activities, or alcoholic beverages.<\/div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When &ldquo;included but not limited to&rdquo; is intended to be implied as an essential part of the sentence <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-rather\/\"><b>rather<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than an additional element, the commas may be conveniently removed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The catch in this type of construction, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-though\/\"><b>though<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is creating a lengthy and complex sentence that may appear ambiguous to non-technical readers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More particularly, the &ldquo;but not limited to&rdquo; is an ellipted version of &ldquo;but (be) not limited to&rdquo; whose verbal inflection takes whatever is being used in the context.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In effect, the sentence could invite an &ldquo;ungrammatical&rdquo; impression without the commas, thereby increasing the salience of the comma placement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-in-fact\/\"><b>In fact<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, there are no hard and fast rules that prescribe the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/coma-vs-comma\/\"><b>comma<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> placement in creating these types of sentences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This mainly depends on the writer&rsquo;s style and intention towards the expected readers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One last thing to consider, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-too-the-definitive-guide\/\"><b>too<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is the sentence length which means the longer the sentence is, the more essential commas become.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Including without limitation to<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another mask that could be worn by the expression being discussed is &ldquo;including without limitation to&rdquo;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apparently, the easiest way to punctuate this expression is to place commas before &ldquo;without&rdquo; and after &ldquo;to.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The intended sense is retained when punctuating the expression this way.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">The contractor unconditionally agrees to waive all financial liabilities including, without limitation to, any claims or demands based on the contractor&rsquo;s gross negligence and breach of contract.<\/div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The sample sentence above is observable in liability waivers, legally known as an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exculpatory clause,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> intended for acknowledging the risks involved in an activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The claus<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e indicates that the contractor understands that he or she will not be able to demand forms of financial compensation for any injury caused by deliberate carelessness or inattention.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-however\/\"><b>However<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it is indicative that other related bases may also legally apply if the contractor is proven guilty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The adjacent commas in &ldquo;without limitation to&rdquo; are grammatically omissible but are textually recommended for clarity purposes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Including without limiting the generality of the foregoing<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To extend the ongoing verbosity, another possible way to state the expression is by using &ldquo;including without limiting the generality of the foregoing.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The same sense and purpose are retained <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-despite\/\"><b>despite<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the wordiness of the expression.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main difference of this prepositional phrase is that it is generally positioned at the earlier parts of a sentence or clausal list.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using this phrase <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-usage-in-particular\/\"><b>in particular<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> redirects the reference back to the preceding immediate statement or examples.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The words after &ldquo;including&rdquo; are treated as parenthetical elements as well, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-thus\/\"><b>and<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> therefore encapsulated with commas.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\" style=\"border-color:#e5e54c;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#FFFF66;border-color:#ffffff;color:#333333;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;\">Including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, I hereby release the employer and all other personnel from any probable liabilities resulting from my own negligence and breach of contract.<\/div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The exculpatory phrase may also be replaced by &ldquo;notwithstanding anything to the contrary&rdquo; which could reinforce some issues among readers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The comma before &ldquo;without&rdquo; is omissible but the &ldquo;comma&rdquo; after &ldquo;foregoing&rdquo; is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-nonetheless\/\"><b>nonetheless<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> essential as it ends the introductory statement in the example above.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&ldquo;Including&rdquo; may also be removed from the sentence as the following words already imply a similar meaning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Such as but not limited to<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Easier to use than the other ones listed above, &ldquo;such as but not limited to&rdquo; should be your most convenient alternative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This one aims to downplay the technicality of the expression &ldquo;including but not limited to,&rdquo; which is useful in most contexts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-such-as\/\"><b>comma before &ldquo;such as&rdquo;<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the next example is needed because it is part of an interruptive idea meant to provide a few examples for clarity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below, you&rsquo;ll see that the sentence would still work without &ldquo;such as but not limited to&rdquo; and the examples given.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most electronic mailing platforms, such as but not limited to GMail and MS Outlook, are user-friendly.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you remove &ldquo;such as but not limited to GMail and MSOutlook,&rdquo; you&rsquo;ll be left with &ldquo;Most electronic mailing platforms are user-friendly.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meanwhile, no comma should be used before &ldquo;such as&rdquo; below because the examples are given as essential or restrictive parts of the sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When something is grammatically essential or restrictive, the sentence would not make sense without it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Countries such as but not limited to Tonga and Fiji are great summer destinations.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you can see, removing &ldquo;such as but not limited to Tonga and Fiji&rdquo; would leave you with &ldquo;Countries are great summer destinations.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your reader won&rsquo;t be able to clearly understand what you mean by the remaining idea, hence the unnecessary comma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Always remember that this rule applies to any other phrase that you might be confused with.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In case you&rsquo;re looking for an easy-to-use comma manual, our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-cheat-sheet\/\"><b>comma cheat sheet<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should save you from the hassle of extensive reading.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>How to use &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; in a sentence<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&ldquo;Including but not limited to&rdquo; is something we use when we want to list down certain items but don&rsquo;t want to include everything.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This happens because there can be lots of examples available, but we only want to show the most relevant ones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here&rsquo;s an easy example for starters:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Roman alphabet has twenty-six letters in all, including but not limited to A, M, and Z.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you can observe, it only aims to show &ldquo;a few of all the existing samples&rdquo; to make both reading and writing easier.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A bit wordy and technical in form, this expression largely belongs to the legal writing context.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal drafters often use this idea connector to explain the terms and conditions of an agreement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This provision is added for the beneficiary&rsquo;s welfare, including but not limited to financial and physical assets.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It may also appear inside parentheses to suggest the same meaning.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If and when the Borrower fails to pay his obligations (including but not limited to principal and accrued interest) under this Agreement due to any reason, the outstanding balance shall be immediately due and payable on the Expiration Date.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<br>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As long as the sentence structure dictates, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-parentesis\/\"><b>comma may come before or after a parenthesis<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> within a sentence. It goes outside rather than inside.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you can see, the expression is meant to include certain events that are mainly relevant to the terms and conditions of a legal agreement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In other contexts, such as in <a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/newses-as-a-plural-of-news\/\">news<\/a> reports, the same is true when it comes to the purpose and meaning of the phrase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You could also see that the noun phrase that comes after the expression is meant to be highlighted by the writer for some reason.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The memorial service is dedicated to the military veterans of Boise, Idaho, including but not limited to those who served in Africa.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To see more variations of how &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; is used, here are&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">several more examples for your reference:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The new library is readily available to the public, including but not limited to students of all ages and workers alike.<\/span><br>\n&nbsp;<br>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This agreement states that certain communication acts, including but not limited to emails, fax, and phone calls, are to be considered a breach of contract.<\/span><br>\n&nbsp;<br>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Borrower shall pay all fees under this Loan Agreement, including but not limited to attorney fees, administrative fees, and taxes.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>The problem with &ldquo;included but not limited to&rdquo;<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The wordiness of the expressions tackled in this post, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-albeit\/\"><b>albeit<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> safeguards the authority, could invite trouble in worst-case circumstances.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The base verb &ldquo;(to) include&rdquo; technically refers to an entity or entities that is a part or parts of a whole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It, therefore, implies the extra verbiage afterward, usually written in parenthetical form, may be construed as redundant and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/unnecessary-commas\/\"><b>unnecessary<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This case should only be treated as passable in legal and academic papers that are intended for audiences <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-who\/\"><b>who<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are no less than technical readers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hence, using this type of expression is generally inappropriate in teaching children <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-nor\/\"><b>nor<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> beginner English language learners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>How to use the phrase &ldquo;such as but not limited to&rdquo;<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a more relaxed version of &ldquo;including but not limited to,&rdquo; &ldquo;such as but not limited to&rdquo; is something you could use as a replacement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have a wide variety of readers rather than those strictly belonging to the legal world, this one is a better choice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here&rsquo;s &ldquo;such as but not limited to&rdquo; used to highlight a only few examples from an exhaustive list:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All social media platforms, such as but not limited to Facebook and Instagram, are meant to offer connectivity among users.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here&rsquo;s another sentence meant to show a few examples that are top priorities among others:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government sectors such as but not limited to finance, health care, and law need to be more transparent to the public.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The next one is another example meant to clarify the meaning of a previously mentioned phrase that looks ambiguous at a glance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The policy also provides common dental services such as fillings, extraction, and cleaning.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The phrase being pointed out and clarified above is &ldquo;common dental services.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Making use of the variant &ldquo;This includes but is not limited to&rdquo;<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expressed in the simple present tense and also includes the verb &ldquo;is,&rdquo; &ldquo;This includes but is not limited to&rdquo; is also a great option for you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A great way to chunk your clunky sentences down is through this variant of &ldquo;including but not limited to.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; works either in the middle or end of the sentence, this one is something placed at the beginning of the sentence or right after a semicolon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knowing <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/semicolons\/\"><b>how and when to use semicolons<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is also something that could massively improve your writing style, especially the formal way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One suggested way of using &ldquo;This includes but is not limited to&rdquo; is to place it at the beginning of the sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means that the idea introduced is heavily dependent on the previous sentence, whatever it is.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inclusive language aims to avoid biases related to gender, race, and social class. This includes but is not limited to steering clear of words with patriarchal connotations like &ldquo;manpower,&rdquo; &ldquo;mankind,&rdquo; and &ldquo;workmen.&rdquo;<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As you can see, writing the two sentences above in one blow would be too much to digest for many readers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therefore, separating them into two with the help of &ldquo;This includes but is not limited to&rdquo; as a connector makes your work easier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The other way of using the expression is after a semicolon. This one works best when you have shorter ideas to connect.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-grey\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The man dedicates his remaining time to great causes; this includes but is not limited to his works on combating environmental issues.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<br>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By using &ldquo;this includes but is not limited to&rdquo; after the semicolon above, you get to connect relatively shorter clauses better.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other ways of linking ideas also include using a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-a-relative-clause\/\"><b>comma before a relative clause<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and punctuating using colons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Frequently Asked Questions on &ldquo;Comma Usage with &ldquo;Including But Not Limited To&rdquo;<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>What does &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; mean?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This expression is used to mean &ldquo;without limitation&rdquo; and is used to show a few important examples from an almost endless list. This usually appears in legal writing contexts, especially in the terms and conditions section of an agreement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>What is a synonym for &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo;?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simpler alternatives that can be used daily are &ldquo;like,&rdquo; &ldquo;such as,&rdquo; &ldquo;which includes,&rdquo; and &ldquo;including.&rdquo; More precise and higher-level options include &ldquo;including without limitation&rdquo; and &ldquo;this includes but is not limited to.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>What is the short or abbreviated form of &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo;?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&ldquo;Including but not limited to&rdquo; can be abbreviated as &ldquo;IBNLT.&rdquo; This form is not used in daily life, which means mindlessly using this may slow a reader down. However, legal drafters and people working within this industry are generally familiar with the phrase and abbreviation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-no-matter\/\"><b>No matter<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who is asked, every language breathes arbitrariness, novelty, as well as intentional or unconscious ambiguity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using highly technical expressions, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-before-or-after-although\/\"><b>although<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reflecting linguistic literacy, could also limit learnability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To balance the intelligibility curve, punctuation marks like commas are beneficial and essential in the process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, discretion <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/comma-after-and\/\"><b>and<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> balance are advised among writers when employing relatively technical and complicated expressions.<\/span><br>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What does &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo; mean?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"This expression is used to mean &ldquo;without limitation&rdquo; and is used to show a few important examples from an almost endless list. This usually appears in legal writing contexts, especially in the terms and conditions section of an agreement.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is a synonym for &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo;?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Simpler alternatives that can be used daily are &ldquo;like,&rdquo; &ldquo;such as,&rdquo; &ldquo;which includes,&rdquo; and &ldquo;including.&rdquo; More precise and higher-level options include &ldquo;including without limitation&rdquo; and &ldquo;this includes but is not limited to.&rdquo;\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is the short or abbreviated form of &ldquo;including but not limited to&rdquo;?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"&ldquo;Including but not limited to&rdquo; can be abbreviated as &ldquo;IBNLT.&rdquo; This form is not used in daily life, which means mindlessly using this may slow a reader down. However, legal drafters and people working within this industry are generally familiar with the phrase and abbreviation.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script><br>\n<!--FAQPage Code Generated by https:\/\/saijogeorge.com\/json-ld-schema-generator\/faq\/--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Human thought is sometimes represented by expressions that are obscure and vague. The attempt to use precise and accurate language in texts, especially in technical documents, may reinforce some counterproductive effects. One way to address the uncertainty in the written language is by adding non-lexical symbols, such as commas, to assist in the disambiguation process. &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9791,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable-in-feed":false,"article-schema-type":"Article","disable-critical-css":false,"_convertkit_action_broadcast_export":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,1119],"tags":[250],"class_list":["post-9779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english","category-comma-rules","tag-including-but-not-limited-to"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9779","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9779"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24373,"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9779\/revisions\/24373"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/linguaholic.com\/linguablog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}