# Case Converter

> Change text to Title Case (APA, MLA, Chicago or AP), Sentence case, UPPERCASE, lowercase, camelCase, snake_case and more, then copy or download it.

- Page: https://linguaholic.com/tools/case-converter/
- Type: free online tool (Text tools), no sign-up, runs in the browser
- Publisher: Linguaholic (https://linguaholic.com/), made by Marcel Iseli
- Last updated: October 3, 2026
- Open it pre-filled: https://linguaholic.com/tools/case-converter/?text=a%20guide%20to%20the%20night%20sky&case=title&style=chicago
  - `text`: text to convert (for example `a guide to the night sky`)
  - `case`: which case to apply: title, sentence, capitalize, upper, lower, capslock, alternating, inverse, camel, pascal, snake, kebab, constant or dot (default title) (for example `title`)
  - `style`: title case style guide: apa, mla, chicago or ap (default apa) (for example `chicago`)
  - `trim`: 1 = trim extra spaces on each line (for example `1`)
  - `blank`: 1 = remove extra blank lines (for example `1`)
  - `ascii`: 1 = remove accents in the code cases (é becomes e) (for example `1`)

## How to use the case converter

Paste or type your text in the box, then pick a case. The **case converter** changes it as you type, so you can try 14 different cases on the same text and keep the one you like. Each line is converted on its own, so a list of headings, names or variable names works line by line.

1. **Choose a case.** The buttons are grouped: titles and sentences, capitals, fun cases, and cases for code.
2. **For Title Case, pick a style guide**: APA, MLA, Chicago or AP. Under the result, the tool lists the words it kept lowercase and why (article, preposition, conjunction), so you can check the result against your assignment or house style.
3. **Tidy up if you need to.** *Trim extra spaces* removes spaces at the start and end of each line and turns double spaces into single ones. *Remove extra blank lines* closes up gaps of several empty lines, which is handy for text copied from a PDF or an email.
4. **Copy, download or keep going.** *Copy* puts the result on your clipboard, *Download .txt* saves it as a text file, and *Use as input* moves the result into the box so you can convert it again.

Below the input you see live counts of characters, words, sentences and lines. For a deeper look at your text, such as reading time and keyword density, use the [word counter](https://linguaholic.com/tools/word-counter/). Open **See your text in every case** to compare all 14 versions at once and copy any of them. Your text stays in your browser the whole time; nothing is uploaded.

## Title case converter: how to capitalize a title

**Title case** means the important words of a title start with a capital letter and the small words in between stay lowercase. Everyone agrees on the big picture: capitalize the first word, and capitalize nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns. Style guides disagree on the small words, mostly prepositions and conjunctions. That is why “capitalize my title” has more than one right answer, and why the tool asks which guide you follow.

The same titles in all four styles:

| APA | MLA | Chicago | AP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes From a Year Without Sugar | Notes from a Year without Sugar | Notes from a Year without Sugar | Notes From a Year Without Sugar |
| The House Between the Hills | The House between the Hills | The House between the Hills | The House Between the Hills |
| Living With Less: A Guide to Small Homes | Living with Less: A Guide to Small Homes | Living with Less: A Guide to Small Homes | Living With Less: A Guide to Small Homes |
| What if the Rain Comes Early | What If the Rain Comes Early | What If the Rain Comes Early | What if the Rain Comes Early |
| Small yet Mighty: A Guide to Tiny Gardens | Small yet Mighty: A Guide to Tiny Gardens | Small Yet Mighty: A Guide to Tiny Gardens | Small yet Mighty: A Guide to Tiny Gardens |
| A Cause Worth Fighting for | A Cause Worth Fighting For | A Cause Worth Fighting For | A Cause Worth Fighting For |
| An Up-to-Date List of Anti-Inflammatory Foods | An Up-to-Date List of Anti-Inflammatory Foods | An Up-to-Date List of Anti-inflammatory Foods | An Up-to-Date List of Anti-Inflammatory Foods |
| Setting Up a Garden From Scratch | Setting Up a Garden from Scratch | Setting Up a Garden from Scratch | Setting Up a Garden From Scratch |

The pattern is easy to see. APA and AP decide by length: prepositions and conjunctions of four letters or more get a capital (*From*, *Between*, *With*). MLA and Chicago decide by part of speech: a preposition stays lowercase however long it is (*from*, *between*, *without*).

### APA title case

APA Style is used for papers in psychology, education, nursing and the social sciences. APA uses title case for the title of your paper, for its headings and for the titles of works you mention in your text. The titles of articles and books in the reference list use sentence case instead.

**Capitalize:**

- The first word of the title and of any subtitle, and the first word after a colon, em dash or end punctuation
- Nouns, verbs (including short ones like Is and Be), adjectives, adverbs and pronouns
- Every word of four letters or more, so With, From, Between and That are capitalized
- Both parts of a hyphenated major word (Self-Report)

**Keep lowercase** (unless it is the first word):

- Articles: a, an, the
- Short conjunctions: and, as, but, for, if, nor, or, so, yet
- Short prepositions of three letters or fewer: as, at, by, for, in, of, off, on, out, per, to, up, via
- These short words stay lowercase at the end of a title too, because APA names only the first word

Example: *Living With Less: A Guide to Small Homes*. Note *With* (four letters) and *A* (the first word after the colon).

### MLA title case

MLA style is common in literature, languages and the humanities, and it is the style many high school English classes teach. MLA uses title case for the titles of the works you cite, both in your text and in the works-cited list.

**Capitalize:**

- The first and last word of the title and of any subtitle
- All principal words: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
- Subordinating conjunctions such as because, if, than, that, when, although
- Words after a hyphen in a compound, unless they are minor words (Self-Portrait)

**Keep lowercase** (unless it is the first word or the last word):

- Articles: a, an, the
- Prepositions of any length: against, between, of, through, with
- Coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet
- The to in infinitives (How to Write)

Example: *Notes from a Year without Sugar*. Both *from* and *without* are prepositions, so both stay lowercase, while the last word always gets a capital.

### Chicago title case

The Chicago Manual of Style is the standard in book publishing and in history, and many magazines and websites follow it as well. Its title rules (sometimes called headline style) are close to MLA’s, with a few differences: Chicago capitalizes *so*, *yet* and *if*, keeps *as* lowercase in every use, and has its own rule for hyphenated words.

**Capitalize:**

- The first and last word of the title and of any subtitle
- Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions other than and, but, for, or, nor (so If, Yet and So are capitalized)
- The first part of a hyphenated word, and later parts unless they are articles, prepositions or conjunctions

**Keep lowercase** (unless it is the first word or the last word):

- Articles: a, an, the
- Prepositions of any length: from, with, between, through
- The conjunctions and, but, for, or, nor
- The word to (as a preposition or in an infinitive) and the word as (in any use)
- After a prefix such as anti-, pre- or non-, the second part of a hyphenated word (Anti-intellectual)

Example: *Small Yet Mighty: A Guide to Tiny Gardens* and *An Up-to-Date List of Anti-inflammatory Foods*.

### AP title case

The AP Stylebook is the guide for news writing. AP uses title case for the titles of books, films, songs, shows and other works; for headlines, AP uses sentence case, so for a news headline choose **Sentence case** instead.

**Capitalize:**

- The first and last word, even when it is an article or a short word
- All principal words: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
- Prepositions and conjunctions of four letters or more: With, From, Into, That, Than

**Keep lowercase** (unless it is the first word or the last word):

- Articles: a, an, the
- Conjunctions of three letters or fewer: and, as, but, for, if, nor, or, so, yet
- Prepositions of three letters or fewer: at, by, for, in, of, off, on, out, per, to, up, via

AP and APA lowercase the same short words, so they agree on most titles. The difference is at the end: AP always capitalizes the last word (*A Cause Worth Fighting For*), while APA keeps a short preposition there lowercase (*A Cause Worth Fighting for*).

### What words are not capitalized in a title?

Here is how each guide treats the small words people ask about most, when the word sits in the middle of a title. In every style, the first word gets a capital, and in MLA, Chicago and AP the last word does too.

| Word | APA | MLA | Chicago | AP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a | a | a | a | a |
| an | an | an | an | an |
| the | the | the | the | the |
| and | and | and | and | and |
| but | but | but | but | but |
| or | or | or | or | or |
| for | for | for | for | for |
| nor | nor | nor | nor | nor |
| so | so | so | So | so |
| yet | yet | yet | Yet | yet |
| if | if | If | If | if |
| as | as | as | as | as |
| at | at | at | at | at |
| by | by | by | by | by |
| in | in | in | in | in |
| of | of | of | of | of |
| on | on | on | on | on |
| to | to | to | to | to |
| up | up | up | up | up |
| with | With | with | with | With |
| from | From | from | from | From |
| into | Into | into | into | Into |
| about | About | about | about | About |
| between | Between | between | between | Between |
| through | Through | through | through | Through |
| is | Is | Is | Is | Is |
| are | Are | Are | Are | Are |
| it | It | It | It | It |
| you | You | You | You | You |
| that | That | That | That | That |

Short verbs and pronouns such as *is*, *are*, *be*, *it* and *you* are always capitalized in a title. They are short, but they are not minor words: a verb is one of the main parts of a sentence.

### Colons, hyphens, acronyms and other tricky spots

- **After a colon:** the first word of a subtitle gets a capital in every style (*Cooking for One: A Guide for Busy Weeks*). The tool treats a question mark, an exclamation mark and a dash between spaces the same way.
- **Hyphenated words:** the first part always gets a capital. The parts after the hyphen follow the same rules as separate words (Chicago adds its prefix rule, above), so *State-of-the-Art* keeps *of* and *the* lowercase.
- **Phrasal verbs:** in *Setting Up a Garden from Scratch*, the word *up* is part of the verb, not a preposition, so every guide capitalizes it. The tool recognizes common ones such as *set up*, *log in*, *sign up*, *shut down* and *figure out*.
- **Acronyms and names with inner capitals** are kept as you typed them: *Why the USA Needs More PhD Nurses*. If your whole title is in capitals, the tool lowercases it first and then restores common acronyms such as FAQ, NASA and USB.
- **Web addresses and email addresses** are left exactly as they are, and Roman numerals become capitals (*World War II: The Home Front*).

One limit no tool can fully get around: some words change their part of speech with meaning. In “Walking up the Hill” the word is a preposition, but in “Picking Up the Pieces” it belongs to the verb. If a result looks off, read the word list under the result and fix that one word by hand.

## Frequently asked questions

**How do I convert uppercase to lowercase?**

Paste your text into the case converter and choose lowercase. For normal sentences, choose Sentence case instead: it lowercases the text but keeps capitals at the start of each sentence, on the word I and on acronyms.

**What is title case?**

Title case is a way of writing titles in which the first word and all major words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns) start with a capital letter, while small words such as a, the, and and of stay lowercase. Style guides differ on which small words stay lowercase.

**What words should not be capitalized in a title?**

Articles (a, an, the), short conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for) and prepositions stay lowercase unless they are the first word. APA and AP lowercase only prepositions of three letters or fewer, while MLA and Chicago lowercase prepositions of any length.

**Do you capitalize with, from and is in a title?**

Is is a verb, so it is capitalized in every style. With and from are prepositions of four letters: APA and AP capitalize them, while MLA and Chicago keep them lowercase.

**Should I use APA, MLA, Chicago or AP title case?**

Use the style your teacher, publisher or workplace asks for. APA is common for papers in psychology, education and the social sciences, MLA for literature and the humanities, Chicago for books and many websites, and AP for news writing.

**Do you capitalize the first word after a colon in a title?**

Yes. The word after a colon starts the subtitle, and APA, MLA, Chicago and AP all capitalize the first word of a subtitle, even a small word such as a or the.

**What is the difference between title case and sentence case?**

Title case capitalizes every major word (How to Write a Great Cover Letter). Sentence case capitalizes only the first word and names, like a normal sentence (How to write a great cover letter). Both are correct; pick one and use it consistently.

**How do I fix text I typed with Caps Lock on?**

Paste it and choose Fix Caps Lock. Text like hELLO wORLD is flipped back to Hello World, and text written entirely in capitals is turned into sentence case that keeps common acronyms.

**What are camelCase and snake_case?**

They are naming conventions for code, where spaces are not allowed. camelCase joins words and capitalizes each word after the first (userName), while snake_case writes them in lowercase joined by underscores (user_name). The converter also makes PascalCase, kebab-case, CONSTANT_CASE and dot.case.

**Is my text private?**

Yes. The case converter runs entirely in your browser. Nothing you type is uploaded or stored.

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