evakes Posted February 22, 2014 Report Share Posted February 22, 2014 Greek GrammarThe Greek Grammar is quite complicated at first glance but this should not discourage you. Taking one step at the time will help you absorb the things you learn and reach a satisfying level really soon. Below you will find some useful information and examples to move your first steps in the Greek Grammar world.GenderWhile in English there are nouns that are automatically thought of as masculine (like king for example) and others as feminine (e.g. queen), in Greek we have suffixes that determine the gender of the words. These are: -ος/ -ης/ -ας for masculine -η/ -α for feminine and -ο/ -ι for neuterExamples: M: βασιλιάς (king) [vaseeleeAs]F: βασίλισσα (queen) [vaSEEleesa]N: παιδί (kid) [peDEE]*Note that in Greek all nouns are assigned to a gender.The Definite ArticleIn English we use 2 articles, the definite (the) and the indefinite (a/an). In Greek we have genders in those articles.M: ο for example : ο βασιλιάς (the king) [O vaseeleeAs]F: η for example : η βασίλισσα (the queen) [EE vaSEEleesa]N: το for example : το παιδί (the kid) [TO peDEE] Δώσε μου το αυτοκίνητο. (Give me the car.) [DOse mu TO aftoKEEneeto]The Indefinite ArticleWe use this article with count nouns in the singular. Those articles have genders, too.M: ένας for example: ένας κάδος (a bin /one bin) [Enas KAdos]F: μία for example: μία ζωγραφιά (a painting / one painting) [ΜΕΕa zoyrafeeA]N: ένα for example: ένα δαχτυλίδι (a ring / one ring) [Ena dachteeLEEdee]** "ένας / μία / ένα" also mean "one"PluralWe explained above the noun's suffixes that can help you determine the gender in singular.Let's see now the suffixes in plural:Μ: -ος (κεραυνός / thunder) [keravNOs] -οι (κεραυνοί / thunders) [keravNOI] -ας (άντρας / man) [Antras] -ες (άντρες / men) [Antres]F: -α (γυναίκα / woman) [yeeNEka] -ες (γυναίκες / women) [yeeNEkes] -η (κλωστή / thread) [klosTEE] -ες (κλωστές / threads) [klosTEs]N: -o (λεπτό / minute) [lepTO] -α (λεπτά / minutes) [lepTA] -ι (παιδί / kid) [peeDEE] -ια (παιδιά / kids) [pedeeA]The Plural Definite Article Singular PluralM: ο οιF: η οιN: το ταExamples: ο Έλληνας [O Eleenas] οι Έλληνες [EE Eleenes] η μητέρα [EE meeTEra] οι μητέρες [EE meeTEres] το παιδί [TO peeDEE] τα παιδιά [TA pedeeA]Numbers0 zero μηδέν miden [meeDEn] 1 one ένα ena [Ena]2 two δύο dio [Deeo]3 three τρία tria [tReea]4 four τέσσερα tesera [TEsera] 5 five πέντε pente [PEnte]6 six έξι eksi [Eksee]7 seven επτά epta [epTA]8 eight οχτώ ochto [ochTO]9 nine εννιά enia [enneeA]10 ten δέκα deka [DEka]11 eleven έντεκα edeka [Edeka]12 twelve δώδεκα dodeka [DOdeka]13 thirteen δεκατρία dekatria [dekatREEa]14 fourteen δεκατέσσερα dekatesera [dekaTEsera]15 fifteen δεκαπέντε dekapede [dekaPEde]16 sixteen δεκαέξι dekaexi [dekaEksee]17 seventeen δεκαεφτά dekaefta [dekaefTA]18 eighteen δεκαοχτώ dekaochto [dekaochTO]19 nineteen δεκαεννιά dekaenia [dekaeneeA]20 twenty είκοσι ikosi [eekosee]30 thirty τριάντα trianta [treeAnta]40 forty σαράντα saranta [saRAnta]50 fifty πενήντα peninta [peNEEnta]60 sixty εξήντα eksinta [ekSEEnta]70 seventy εβδομήντα evdominta [evdoMEEnta]80 eighty ογδόντα ogdonta [ogDOnta]90 ninety ενενήντα eneninta [eneNEEnta]100 one hundred εκατό ekato [ekaTO]* To say 21 in Greek you say 20 + 1= εικοσιένα , 35: 30 + 5 =τριανταπέντεThat's all for now! I hope you'll find this post interesting and useful. More Grammar topics will be added soon Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
evakes Posted February 27, 2014 Author Report Share Posted February 27, 2014 I added some more topics about Greek Grammar. After studying this material you will be able to form simple sentences! PronounsLet's see now how pronouns are in Greek.I εγώ ego [eyO] you εσύ esi [esEE]he αυτός aftos [afTOs]she αυτή afti [afTEE]it αυτό afto [afTO]we εμείς emeis [eMEEs]you εσείς eseis [eSEEs]they αυτοί aftoi [afTEE]VerbsThis is a great chapter in Greek Grammar. Below are some basics.The most important verb is "to be". It is also irregular in Greek and you have to memorize it as it is.to be / είμαιI am εγώ είμαι ego eimai [eyO EEme]you are εσύ είσαι esi eisai [eSEE EEse]he is αυτός είναι aftos einai [afTOs EEne]she is αυτή είναι afti einai [afTEE EEne]it is αυτό είναι afto einai [afTO EEne]we are εμείς είμαστε emeis eimaste [emEEs EEmaste]you are** εσείς είστε eseis eiste [esEEs EEste]they are αυτοί είναι autoi einai [afTEE EEne]** It can also be used , if you want to be kind with someone - just like in EnglishNow you should be able to form small sentences!Εγώ είμαι μαθητής. (I am a student) [eyO EEme matheeTEEs]Εσύ είσαι φίλος μου. (You are my friend.) [eSEE EEse FEElos mu]Αυτός είναι ο άντρας μου. (He is my husband.) [afTOs EEne O Antras mu]Αυτό είναι ένα καινούριο αυτοκίνητο. (It is a new car.) [afTO EEne Ena keNUryo aftoKEEneeto]Εσείς είστε ψηλοί. (You are tall.) [eSEEs EEste pseeLEE]Εσείς είστε πολύ όμορφη. (You are very beautiful.) [eSEES EEste poLEE Omorfee]Αυτοί είναι ποδοσφαιριστές. (They are football players.) [afTEE EEne podosfereeSTEs]Another commonly used verb is the verb "have"- in Greek "έχω". This verb is regular so there is a fixed pattern for its suffixes. have/έχω I have εγώ έχω ego eho [eyO Eho]you have εσύ έχεις esi eheis [eSEE Ehees]he has αυτός έχει aftos ehei [afTOs Ehee]she has αυτή έχει afti ehei [afTEE Ehee]it has αυτό έχει afto ehei [afTO Ehee]we have εμείς έχουμε emeis ehoume [eMEEs Ehume]you have εσείς έχετε eseis ehete [eSEEs Ehete]they have αυτοί έχουνε aftoi ehoun [afTEE Ehune]You can use any other regular verb using the suffixes.Common Greek verbs:see βλέπω vlepo [vLEpo]talk μιλάω milao [meeLAo]listen ακούω akouo [aKUo]play παίζω pezo [PEzo]drink πίνω pino [PEEno]buy αγοράζω agorazo [ayoRAzo]take παίρνω pairno [PErno]give δίνω dino [DEEno]love αγαπάω agapao [ayaPAo]Let's see now some sentences that you can form:Εγώ βλέπω τηλεόραση. (I am watching TV.) [eyO vLEpo teeleOrasee]Ο Δημήτρης παίζει ένα ηλεκτρονικό παιχνίδι. (Jim is playing a video game.) [O deeMEEtrees PEzee Ena EElektroneeko pehNEEdee]Ο ταμίας έδωσε τα ρέστα στον πελάτη. (The cashier gave the change to the customer) [o taMEEas Edose ta REsta sTOn peLAtee]O Νίκος αγαπάει τη Μαίρη. (Nick loves Mary) [O NEEkos ayaPAee tee MEree]That's all for now! I hope you'll find this post interesting and useful. More Grammar topics will be added soon Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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